Cross-Cultural Interview Essay Example for Free

Cross-Cultural Interview Essay The cultural heritage is the things, places and practices that define who we are as individuals, as communities, as nations or civilizations and as a species. It is that which we want to keep, share and pass on. 1. Interview a person form a different cultural heritage and gather information on the following areas. a. With which ethnic / racial / cultural group does this person Identify?ANSWER: The person that I chose to interview is Mrs. Chambers. Mrs. Chambers is identified with the cultural and racial group known as African American or Black. This identity is also traditionally traced back to the beginning of the United States of America Historical Roots of people identified from Africa. b. Which areas of the person’s culture is identified with pride?ANSWER: Mrs. Chambers has an identifiable historical culture pride which includes among other things overcoming obstacles such as racial discrimination along the lines of social and economically disadvantages and discriminatory practices against her cultural heritage for over 100 years. c. What religious beliefs are central to this cultural group? ANSWER: Mrs. Chambers’s heritage generally believes that church is the key to its foundation and is of the corporate faith that God the Father has sent as a Savior of the World His only Begotten Son who is Named Jesus Christ. The cultural group also recognizes several other denominational and religious groups whose primary beliefs are similar to Mrs. Chambers, such as Baptist, Holiness, Pentecostal, Methodist, and several other denominational and non-denominational groups throughout the world. This is known as â€Å"sheep of other fold† as well as other brothers and sisters in Christ Jesus. d. What difficulties has this person experienced because of his / her cultural tradition? ANSWER: Difficulties that Mrs. Chambers cultural group has experience as a direct result of her cultural traditions, among other things, include racial inequalities and discriminatory practices against them. Most notably are the inhuman treatment of her cultural group because of African American Traditions such as Involuntary Slavery; mistreatments such as lynching of black men, raping of black women by white masters who own the slaves and the plantations. e. What difficulties does this person experience as a result of the attitudes / behaviors of persons from other cultures?ANSWER: Mrs. Chambers has experience multiple attitudes and adverse behaviors in her cultural group not only because of her race, but also because of her gender. She has experience racial discrimination with regards to employment, promotions, and equal pay for the same type work as her white male counterpart. She has experience employment discrimination and harassment as a result of her cultural heritage and reli gious beliefs. Too many adversities regarding her ethnicity and cultural heritage to list. But time has brought about a change to the many adversities of life as a result of Mrs. Chambers cultural group. Education has played a major role in the incorporation of new attitudes and behaviors, such as cultural diversity training. f. How do people within this person’s cultural group help with personal problems? ANSWER: Mrs. Chambers’s cultural group previously believed that it was taboo to seek any types of counseling because it held the belief that it was a strong and independent cultural group that relied upon the healing hand of Jesus Christ. Therefore, it was almost unheard of for a person to seek any types of counseling for problems. After this taboo was rightfully dismissed, the cultural group sought a networking among its own cultural group but later realized that other groups may have experience similar problems who reached out to the cultural groups as a means of combating the social and economic problems within the cultural family and community. g. Under what circumstance would members of this cultural group consider counseling for personal / family problems? ANSWER: Mrs. Chambers believes that under the circumstances, members of her cultural group consider counseling for personal and family problems because of all the latest technological advancements in our society. Training and education is the key to a newly and wide acceptance of counseling. People are sincerely reaching out to professional in the field of counseling and psychology as a direct result of the advance technology and scientific studies on the subject. h. What would make counseling more attractive to this group as a means to deal with problems? ANSWER: Mrs. Chambers believes that with that latest advancements and information related to education at all levels of our society; counseling has received high marks as a direct result of its integrity and scientific research as well as proven effectiveness to our families, communities, society, and world in which we live. The result of this cross-cultural interview shows us the importance to be knowledgeable about different cultures in order to understand and appreciate them. We cannot appreciate something that we ignore. In fact, this nation is created and well defined as an immigrant nation which enriches our environment with a variety of several cultures. This interview enriched me when I decided to know a little bit more about the heritage of this African American lady who was willing to portrait openly her beliefs, values, and courage despite of her trials in life. Veronica Chambers is an overcomer woman who embraced her dreams made them reality. Through the sufferings in her life, she was able to accomplish her Master Degree in Organizational Management in Leadership. Furthermore, she has been serving the Lord all her life, and encouraging people around her; she has also accepted her calling from the Lord and now she is in the position of a pastor’s wife. In conclusion, the lack of knowledge stops people to defeat the racism, discrimination, and stereotypes in our today society. In my opinion, individuals need to be well educated in multicultural perspectives in order to create a unique and valuable environment appreciating one another. REFERENCES http://www.canberra.edu.au/centres/donald-horne/cultural-heritage/what-is

Huck Finn :: essays research papers

I personally find the book Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to be a anti-racist book. That is my opinion for these reasons, it was one of the first books of it’s day to show a black man as a true person. Secondly it showed the truth of how cruel southern society was. And last, the realism the book tried to show throughout the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was one of the first books of it’s day show a black man as a true person. There are many examples of this throughout the book, such as when Jim discusses his family and how he wants to go be with them. Jim also shows feeling, for example when Huck and Jim get split up on the rafts Jim worries about Huck, and is concerned for him. Jim also show honesty and dedication, an example is towards the end of the book when Jim sacrafices his freedom to help Tom and the doctor after Tom has been shot. So you see the book shows that black people are human beings that have emotions and feelings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book also shows the true cruelty of southern society. There are many examples of this in the book. Like the Sunday school discussing how setting blacks free was a deadly sin. And the constant negro sales throughout the book. And how black people had no respect and weren’t looked upon as human beings. So what Mark Twain is trying to tell the reader is how cruel the south was to blacks and how ridiculous the southern society was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think the book also tries to show realism of what the south was like during it’s slave years. Many people think that when Mark Twain uses the word â€Å"Ni__er† he is being racist. But really Twain is trying to

In 1954 Herbert Morrison said that a ‘minister is responsible for every stamp stuck on every envelope’ in their department. Using examples, critically discuss whether the above statement is accurate today

Introduction Herbert Morrison’s comments represent an ideal of Ministerial Responsibility which his political heirs and descendants have, in truth, abandoned to a large degree. In part this reflects new political realities and a change in the behaviour of politicians who strive to protect individual reputation at the expense of what was once a sacred principle of Government[1]. The responsibility to which Herbert Morrison alludes to arises often in the context of when a minister should resign which has undergone some marked transformations over the years as the apparatus of Whitehall has exploded and powers have been invested in individual ministers: non-departmental bodies, public corporations and other agencies such as quangos[2] now complement ever growing departments. As Diane Longley & Norman Lewis observe the roots of the principle stretch far back before Morrison’s time to the days of Dicey where the liability to loss of office was extended to â€Å"all official acts† [3] which invariably covered departmental maladministration to more serious matters. The principle, as a means of holding the executive branch of the government to account, has been justifiably described as â€Å"hollow†, a â€Å"ruling fiction† [4] and leading constitutional scholars have called for reform in this area as far back as the year 2000[5]. Even back in 1956 Professor Finer cast doubt upon its very existence in the wake of the Crichel Down affair[6]. No such reform or replacement has ever arrived, however, and despite notable episodes such as the Hutton inquiry, the cash for questions probes and the recent expenses scandal in Westminster no alternative theory or principle has surfaced[7]. The operation of the principle has also been seen as not aiding government accountability but hindering it by many commentators: â€Å"Many students of public administration, including the authors, have long taken the view that ministerial responsibility/accountability (M.R.) as the ruling convention for calling the executive to account is hollow. Indeed, operating at its most pernicious, it is a system for the mutually-reinforcing active concealment of government action and public purposes.†[8] This essay will focus on whether the principle of ministerial responsibility, as described by Herbert Morrison, is still accurate in the political climate of 2012. In part 1 this essay will look into the Crichel Down affair of 1937 to establish the supposed convention and then in part 2 the Scott Report, which was commissioned after it emerged that Britain had sold arms to Iraq, will be analysed. The inescapable conclusion is that Morrison’s statement reflects a nobler and purer vision of politics than now endures and that the principle has been so eroded by time as to be virtually unrecognisable: if indeed it existed in the first place. Part 1: Crichel Down affair As Bradley & Ewing point out the Crichel Down Affair of 1937 is the acknowledged starting point in any discussion of ministerial responsibility[9]. Farmland in Dorset, which was called Crichel Down, was acquired under compulsory purchase powers[10] by the Air Ministry in 1938 prior to the outbreak of war for a new bombing range[11]. Lieutenant Commander Marten asked that the land be sold back to his family (who had previously owned most of the land) but what followed was, in the opinion of the subsequent inquiry setup to investigate the affair, â€Å"muddle, inefficiency, bias and bad faith on the part of some officials named in the report†[12]. In particular an inaccurate report was drafted by a junior civil servant that led to the Ministry of Agriculture adopting a scheme which deprived the former owners of rights in the land or as Wass succinctly puts it, â€Å"bona fide applicants for the land had not been given the opportunity they had been promised to bid for a rental o r for possession of the land†[13]. Wass highlights the two senior civil servants identified by the inquiry who did attempt to cover their own tracks once the facts were apparent: â€Å"The one [mistake] on which everyone seized was the impropriety of the two principal officials who, realising that applicants to rent or buy the land had not been given the opportunities they had been led to expect, sought to appear retrospectively to have considered their case. This was manifestly wrong and would have been a suitable subject for a mild criticism by the Ombudsman, if he had existed at the time and had the case been referred to him. But it is pretty clear from the papers that, even if the applicants’ cases had been considered, the outcome, viz. a decision to continue to farm the unit as a single unit by a farmer of proved ability, would have been the same.†[14] The end result was that the Minister of Agriculture, Sir Thomas Dugdale, resigned and the two civil servants were moved to other duties[15]. The constitutional legacy of Crichel Down was that it is now cited as â€Å"the last example of a minister’s acceptance of responsibility for all the acts of his department†[16]. In the subsequent debate in the House of Commons Sir David Maxwell’s Fyfe, the then Home Secretary, sought to clarify four situations in which a Minister must vicariously â€Å"accept responsibility† to varying degrees for the actions or inactions of his civil servants ranging from where an explicit order is given to where action is taken by a civil servant of which the â€Å"Minister disapproves and has no previous knowledge†[17]. This continuum of responsibility did not contain any mention of resignation and the topic remains wedded to circumstances: â€Å"there is no duty on a minister to resign when maladministration has occurred within his or her department†[18]. The key factors which influence a resignation are for the most part political: a fact which is corroborated by Professor Finer[19] and Bradley & Ewing’s seminal work on constitutional law[20]. Part 2: Arms to Iraq By the convention supposedly crystallised in the aftermath of the Crichel Down affair the Ministers responsible for exporting arms to Iraq would have had to have resigned in the wake of the Scott Report into the affair in 1996[21]. Ultimately there were no resignations despite a close vote in the Commons during the debate on the report. The conclusions of the report were, however, devastating in finding that there were numerous failings by ministers to keep Parliament appraised of their arms exporting policy and, fundamentally, they had misled Parliament, albeit not intentionally[22]. Instead the ministers involved managed to slip into what Margaret Liu has called an â€Å"accountability gap† which exploits the definitions given to responsibility and accountability respectively[23]. As Liu explains: â€Å"A minister is ‘accountable’ to Parliament for what had occurred in his department without that implying personal blame on the part of a minister if things had gone wrong. By contrast, a minister is said to be ‘responsible’ for broad policy, and the issues that he/she has been personally involved, not for all department affairs. In other words, the minister is not responsible for what is done by the civil service in the Next Steps agency where he has delegated the accountability for administration from parent departments.†[24] This relatively new artificial distinction allows ministers to escape responsibility for actions in their department carried out by civil servants and ultimately leads, as Liu rightly observes, to â€Å"potential areas of government for which no one is ‘responsible’ to Parliament, even though a minister remains ‘accountable’†[25]. Thus despite all of the furore created by the report the ministers were ultimately able to hang onto their jobs and there was to be no supreme sacrifice a la Sir Thomas Dugdale in the Crichel Down affair. This distinction appears to have fuelled the practice of misleading Parliament and being creative with the truth to avoid liability in respect of departmental maladministration. As Liu points out individual ministerial responsibility essentially involves the private conduct of a minister, the minister’s conduct of his/her department and vicarious acts of civil servants[26]. Personal conduct seems to be the exception with many ministers resigning because it was impossible to conduct their duties in the media glare[27] but as Bradley & Ewing note â€Å"there have been very few resignations by ministers taking vicarious responsibility for the errors of civil servants in their departments†[28]. The level of culpability was high in the Arms to Iraq case and the fact that no minister lost their jobs is reflective of modern political times where no minister resigns unless the matter is exceptionally serious or private conduct is preventing them doing their jobs. As Longley & Lewis conclude: â€Å"If the minister is indeed responsible for systems, then he is responsible for their failure either directly or through the identification of those who are. If this is not the case, then plainly ministerial responsibility is a myth. Slowly the effectiveness of the convention has been eroded†¦Scott may have been successfully defused in the party-political arena, but if his report is left to gather dust when it is an indictment of the deep-seated failure of parliamentary government, then the fabled British system will deserve all the disapprobation which it is bound to receive.†[29] Conclusion In conclusion Herbert Morrison’s statement was inaccurate even back in the political climate in which it was created: a time when a minister would supposedly fall for the actions of any civil servant and would do the right thing by standing down[30]. As Professor Finer justifiably notes, the cases which precede the Crichel Down affair do not even lend substance to the convention and the principle in fact relies upon factors such as the mood of the Prime Minister and the will of the minister concerned rather than an overriding sense of accepting responsibility for the actions of others[31]. Applied to the modern political climate the statement is wildly inaccurate with various commentators rightly alleging that it is a â€Å"myth† in the British constitution[32]. The Scott Report demonstrates the pliability of the principle well and the artificial distinctions between ‘responsibility’ and ‘accountability’, inextricably linked, serve only to furt her consign the principle to the dustbin of history save in the most serious of cases. Now creativity is used in giving answers to Parliament and all responsibility is to be evaded until the eleventh hour. This is, as noted in the introduction, a reflection of the growth of the apparatus of the state and the unelected power of ministers. Professor Finer’s four categories are more realistic even in 2012: â€Å"There are four categories of delinquent Ministers: the fortunate, the less fortunate, the unfortunate, and the plain unlucky. After sinning, the first go to other Ministries ; the second to Another Place ; the third just go. Of the fourth there are but twenty examples in a century†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [33] Bibliography Journals Finer, E.S. (1956) ‘The Individual Responsibility of Ministers’ Public Administration 377 Liu, Margaret L (2002) ‘Ministerial Responsibility and Constitutional Law’ Coventry Law 7(2) pp25-37 at p.29 Longley, D & Lewis, Norman (1996) ‘Ministerial Responsibility: The Next Steps’ Public Law Autumn pp490-507 Wass, Douglas (1988) ‘The Mystery of Crichel Down’ Public Law Autumn pp473 – 475 Books Bradey, AW & Ewing, KD (2007) Constitutional & Administrative Law Pearson: worldwide Tomkins, Adam (1998) The Constitution After Scott: Government Unwrapped Oxford University Press: Oxford Turpin, Colin (1994) â€Å"Ministerial Responsibility: Myth or Reality?† in J. Jowell and D. Oliver (eds.), The Changing Constitution, (3rd ed), pp. 114-115

Introduction The present research would seek to expand...

Introduction: The present research would seek to expand upon the current research base of mentor programs. Having an adult mentor is one of the greatest predictors of whether as student with finish high school, but more is information is needed. Indeed, mentoring programs are already associated with improved outcomes such as higher graduation rates, better grades, better jobs, and less drug abuse, but what makes for a successful program? Obviously, the goal behind these programs is to benefit children, but making sure your program is getting the most from its funding is imperative when budgets are as tight as they are in educational community. Lit Review: Research Question: If you want to develop such a program there are certain†¦show more content†¦It will be calculated on a 4.0 scale. Educational attainment: Nominal: How far did they go in school? Operational : This will be measured as the highest grade completed by the individual student. This will be obtained through school records. Drop out rates: Nominal: number of participants who drop out of school prior to high school graduation. Operational: This will be defined as a student quitting school before he or she graduates. A dropout will be defined as an individual who was enrolled in school at some time during the year but has failed to attend or re-enroll over the course of the year. Cannot be because of any of the following reporting reasons: †¢ Relocated to another school †¢ Briefly absent or suspended †¢ Sickness or death. Employment status of the participants: Nominal: How many of these students have jobs? Operation This will be self-reported and categorized as full-time, part-time or unemployed based on phone interviews/surveys. Survey Items: Contingency Question: Were you selected to participate in the mentoring study? If yes, did you complete are requirements of the study? Employment Questionnaire: Are you presently employed? By whom? Is your current job full time or part-time? Approximately how many hours do you work during a typical week? In what trade are you employed? What is your job title? Limitations: difficult to weigh due to numerous factors. The present study will investigate low SES schools where the mostShow MoreRelatedCritical Challenges Facing African American Men3250 Words   |  13 PagesCritical Challenges Facing African American Men in Pursuit of the Doctoral Degree: What Institutions Must Do Introduction- [Build a case as to why this is a problem] Doug A severe underrepresentation of Black male doctoral students and earned doctorates exist in the United States (Harper, 2010). 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